Metadata elements grouped into sets designed for a specific purpose, e.g., for a specific domain or a particular type of information resource, are called metadata schemes. For every element the name and the semantics (the meaning of the element) are specified. Content rules (how content must be formulated), representation rules (e.g., capitalization rules), and allowed element values (e.g., from a controlled vocabulary) can be specified optionally. Some schemes also specify in which syntax the elements must be encoded, in contrast to syntax independent schemes.
With this in mind, I've been reading over a lot of different metadata standards. I'm not even going to begin to say I understand them all, but I have noticed that a lot of them have similar basis, and then are customized to fit specific needs, like a funnel effect.
Sources: http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/metadata-standards/list
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